When Do Incumbents Have Difficulty Securing Supporters and Contributors

question 8

Multiple Choice

When do incumbents have difficulty securing supporters and contributors?

• A) some of the time
• B) when they have experienced negative publicity
• C) never
• D) a majority of the time
• E) none of the above

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Definitions:

Floor Effect

Failure of a measure to detect a difference because it was too difficult.

Paper-and-pencil Questionnaire

A traditional survey method where participants respond to questions written on paper by physically marking their answers.

Functional MRI

A neuroimaging technique that measures brain activity by detecting changes associated with blood flow.

Double-blind Technique

An experimental procedure in which neither the participants nor the experimenters know who is receiving a particular treatment, to prevent bias.