Contingency Factors That Can Influence the Success of a TQM

question 53

Multiple Choice

Contingency factors that can influence the success of a TQM program in a negative way include all of the following EXCEPT:

• A) tasks make high skill demands on employees.
• B) management expectations are unrealistically high.
• C) middle managers are dissatisfied about loss of authority.
• D) workers are dissatisfied with other aspects of organizational life.
• E) managers wait for big, dramatic innovations.

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Definitions:

Body's Defenses

The mechanisms by which the body protects itself from infection and disease, including the immune system, physical barriers, and biochemical processes.

Injected Drugs

Medicine or other substances introduced into the body through a syringe.

Classical Conditioning

An approach to learning in which two stimuli are repeatedly linked; the first stimulus alone eventually elicits a response that was initially elicited by the second stimulus.

Extinction

In psychology, the process through which conditioned responses decrease or disappear as an outcome of repeated exposure without reinforcement.