In the Video,Edwin Mansfield Notes That One Reason Why R&D

question 26

Multiple Choice

In the video,Edwin Mansfield notes that one reason why R&D spending by firms has declined as a percent of national output is that

• A) very little is left to invent, since research was so great in the first half of the twentieth century.
• B) most research goes to enhance military spending, which is no longer as important as it once was.
• C) a firm cannot appropriate all the benefits it creates from R&D, because they spill over to outsiders, so it tends to underinvest in this area.
• D) R&D rarely results in marketable products, so increasingly it is being performed in government research facilities.
• E) stagflation has made R&D unprofitable for the smaller firms that carry out the largest share of this activity.

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Definitions:

Chemical Shift

A term used in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to describe the change in magnetic resonance frequency of a nucleus due to its chemical environment.

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The fraction or percentage of the sample that represents a particular trait or characteristic of interest.

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A graphical tool for monitoring process stability and variability by plotting measured values against predetermined control limits.

P Chart

A type of control chart used for monitoring the proportion of defective items in a process over time, useful in quality control.