Many Smokers Like to Point to the Late George Burns

question 49

Multiple Choice

Many smokers like to point to the late George Burns, a famous actor who smoked cigars continuously for many years and lived to be nearly a hundred, as evidence that smoking is relatively harmless. These individuals tend to ignore the thousands of people who die every year from lung cancer. They are utilizing

• A) the availability heuristic.
• B) confirmation bias.
• C) the representativeness heuristic.
• D) hindsight bias.

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Definitions:

Randomly Selected

A method of selection that ensures each member of a set has an equal opportunity of being chosen, widely used in scientific research to avoid bias.

Drop-Out Percentage

The proportion of individuals who do not complete a course, program, or activity in which they initially participated.

After-School Program

Structured programs provided for children and youth after school hours, offering activities such as sports, arts, and homework assistance to support their development and learning.

Efficacy

The ability to produce a desired or intended result.