How Was Edwin Hubble Able to Use His Discovery of Cepheids

question 2

Multiple Choice

How was Edwin Hubble able to use his discovery of Cepheids in Andromeda to prove that the "spiral nebulae" were actually galaxies external to the Milky Way?

• A) There are no Cepheids in the Milky Way, so his discovery proved that Andromeda had to be in another galaxy.
• B) He measured the parallaxes of the Cepheids in Andromeda to determine their distances. He showed that Andromeda was far outside the Milky Way Galaxy.
• C) He used main-sequence fitting to determine the distances to the Cepheids. He showed that Andromeda was far outside the Milky Way Galaxy.
• D) From the period-luminosity relation for Cepheids, he was able to determine the distance to Andromeda. He showed that it was far outside the Milky Way Galaxy.
• E) As a Cepheid is a type of luminous galaxy, Hubble's discovery of Cepheids in Andromeda proved that it was a separate galaxy from the Milky Way.

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