The Binding of a Ligand to a G Protein--Coupled Receptor

question 2

Multiple Choice

The binding of a ligand to a G protein--coupled receptor will result in activation of adenylyl cyclase, which in turn will initiate which of the following pathways?

• A) Ca²⁺-calmodulin
• B) cAMP
• C) cGMP
• D) MAP kinase
• E) Phospholipase C-Ca²⁺

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Definitions:

Skepticism

An attitude of doubt towards something, often involving questioning the validity or authenticity of certain claims without sufficient evidence.

Humility

The quality of having a modest or low view of one's importance, often allowing individuals to remain open and teachable.

Hindsight Bias

The tendency to believe, after an event has occurred, that one would have predicted or expected the outcome, often referred to as the "I-knew-it-all-along" effect.

Overconfidence

A cognitive bias where an individual's subjective confidence in their judgments is reliably higher than their objective accuracy, leading to potential errors in decision making.