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Smokers have greater probing depths,gingival recession,loss of attachment,and bone loss than non-smokers.Cigarette smoking is a potential contributing factor in necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis.
Classical Conditioning
Classical conditioning is a learning process through which an association is made between a naturally occurring stimulus and a previously neutral stimulus.
Classical Conditioning
A learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired; a response that is first elicited by the second stimulus is eventually elicited by the first stimulus alone.
Negative Reinforcement
A behavioral principle where the removal of an unfavorable event or outcome after the display of a behavior increases the likelihood of that behavior being repeated in the future.
Fixed-Ratio Schedule
A schedule of reinforcement where a response is rewarded only after a specified number of responses have been made.
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