Your Text Refers to Studies Involving Nursing Mothers Who Were

question 55

Multiple Choice

Your text refers to studies involving nursing mothers who were inadvertently smothering their infants a little by holding them improperly during feeding. The babies response was usually to resist nursing. This study was used to illustrate which of the following concepts at work in infant learning?

• A) Classical conditioning
• B) Operant conditioning
• C) Deferred imitation
• D) Limited reinforcement

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Definitions:

Upward-Sloping

Describes a line or curve on a graph that moves higher on the y-axis as it moves to the right on the x-axis, typically used to describe a supply curve in economics.

Short-Run Average Total Cost Curve

A graphical representation that shows how the average total cost of production changes as the quantity produced changes in the short run.

Spreading Effect

The process by which increased investment leads to greater levels of income and consumption.

Diminishing Returns

A rule indicating that after reaching a specific threshold, further investments in a given sector will not yield higher profits at the same rate if all other factors stay unchanged.