When Communicators Feel Misunderstood, They Tend to Repeat Themselves in a Louder

question 18

Multiple Choice

When communicators feel misunderstood, they tend to repeat themselves in a louder voice and with a slower rate of speech, even though the other person may have heard them the first time. According to Berger's planning theory, this tendency reflects which of the following concepts?

• A) Cognitive complexity
• B) Planning
• C) The hierarchy principle
• D) Plan complexity
• E) Action fluidity

---

Definitions:

Counterarguing

The practice of actively challenging or disputing the arguments of others, often to defend one's own position or beliefs.

Advertising Message

The core idea or theme conveyed through an advertising campaign to influence the perception or behavior of the target audience.

Internalization

The integration of knowledge, attitudes, and values from another culture or system into one's own culture or way of thinking.

Rubbernecking

The act of slowing down and looking at something of interest, typically an accident on the roadside, often causing traffic delays.