All of the Following Scholars Contributed in Some Way to the Development

question 5

Multiple Choice

All of the following scholars contributed in some way to the development of cultural studies, EXCEPT:

• A) Erving Goffman
• B) Karl Marx
• C) Michael Foucault
• D) Antonio Gramsci
• E) Stuart Hall

---

Definitions:

Learned Helplessness

A psychological condition in which individuals believe they have no control over their environment or outcomes, often resulting from consistent failure or punishment.

Learned Helplessness

A condition in which an individual learns to feel powerless and stops trying to change their situation due to repeated failures or a sense of lack of control.

Learned Optimism

A concept in positive psychology that suggests that a positive attitude can be developed through changing negative thought patterns.

Learned Helplessness

A condition in which a person suffers from a sense of powerlessness, arising from a traumatic event or persistent failure to succeed, leading to a belief that one's actions have no effect on the environment.