The Large Waves of Late Summer Modify the Shape of Sandy

question 44

Multiple Choice

The large waves of late summer modify the shape of sandy beaches. Huge "bites" of beach are removed from the exposed beach and end up in offshore sand bars. These "bites" are most evident in the form of a very large and high:

• A) berm.
• B) shore face, or beach scarp.
• C) foreshore.
• D) backshore.

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Definitions:

Reinforcement

The act of strengthening a response by adding a reward, thus increasing the likelihood that the response will be repeated.

Operant Behaviors

Actions that an individual takes that are modified by the consequences they lead to, extensively studied in operant conditioning.

Respondent Behaviors

Automatic responses elicited by specific stimuli, based on the principle of classical conditioning in psychology.

Variable-ratio Schedule

A reinforcement schedule in operant conditioning where a response is rewarded after an unpredictable number of responses.