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Integrated approaches, such as life-course theory, combine various schools of thought regarding crime causation in order to explain:
Contingency Leadership Perspective
The view that the effectiveness of the leader relates to the interaction of the leader’s traits or behaviors with situational factors.
Traits
Enduring characteristics or qualities that define an individual's behavior, personality, and tendencies.
Behaviors
Observable actions or reactions of individuals or groups in response to external or internal stimuli.
Transformational Leadership
A leadership approach that causes change in individuals and social systems, inspiring followers to exceed their own self-interests for the good of the organization.