Which Statement Does NOT Correctly Describe the Medullary Vertical Osmotic

question 113

Multiple Choice

Which statement does NOT correctly describe the medullary vertical osmotic gradient?

• A)The loops of Henle of juxtamedullary nephrons establish a medullary vertical osmotic gradient by means of countercurrent multiplication.
• B)The vasa recta enable the medulla to be supplied with blood while conserving the medullary vertical osmotic gradient by means of countercurrent exchange.
• C) The countercurrent system establishes and maintains a medullary vertical osmotic gradient ranging from 300 to 1200 mOsm/litre.
• D) The collecting tubules of the juxtamedullary nephrons but not the cortical nephrons descend through the medullary vertical osmotic gradient before emptying into the renal pelvis.

---

Definitions:

Context Effects

The influence of environmental factors on one's perception or understanding of a stimulus.

Perceptual Set

A readiness to perceive or interpret stimuli in a particular way based on expectations, experiences, emotions, and culture.

Weber's Law

A principle stating that the smallest change in a physical stimulus that can be detected is a constant proportion of the stimulus level.

Masking Stimulus

A stimulus used to interfere with the perception of another stimulus, often used in research to study attention and perception processes.