If the Coefficient of Relatedness Between Two Individuals Is Zero

question 48

Multiple Choice

If the coefficient of relatedness between two individuals is zero (r = 0) , then

• A) altruism can evolve if c > b.
• B) altruism can evolve if c < b.
• C) altruism cannot evolve via kin selection.
• D) altruism will sometimes evolve regardless of the values of c and b.

---

Definitions:

Self-Efficacy

An individual's belief in their capacity to execute behaviors necessary to produce specific performance attainments.

Law Of Effect

The principle that behaviour followed by pleasant consequences is likely to be repeated; behaviour followed by unpleasant consequences is not.

Behaviour

Refers to the actions or reactions of an object or organism, often in relation to the environment or stimuli.

Pleasant Outcomes

The positive results or benefits achieved from a specific action, decision, or event.