Which of the Following Statements Is True of Vertical Communication

question 9

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements is true of vertical communication?

• A) It consists exclusively of messages from superiors to subordinates.
• B) It is limited to communication between two subsequent levels in an organization.
• C) It can and usually should be two-way in nature.
• D) It includes communication that flows up in an organization and not the communication that plays down.
• E) It typically covers grapevine communications.

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Definitions:

Stromatolites

Layered structures produced by the growth of microorganisms, often found in fossil form, and are among the oldest evidence of life on Earth.

Microbial Biofilms

Complex aggregations of microorganisms growing on a surface, encased in a protective and adhesive matrix they secrete, contributing to their survival in various environments.

Dinoflagellates

A group of single-celled, often photosynthetic organisms, found in marine and freshwater environments, known for their role in algal blooms and red tides.

Obligate Anaerobes

are organisms that can only survive in environments without oxygen because oxygen is toxic to their metabolic processes.