If a Lava Flow Completely Destroys Pre-Existing Plant Communities, What

question 69

Multiple Choice

If a lava flow completely destroys pre-existing plant communities, what type of succession will occur first?

• A) primary
• B) secondary
• C) tertiary
• D) any of the above

---

Definitions:

Mass-Energy Transfer

The concept that mass and energy are interchangeable, underpinning the principle of mass-energy equivalence.

Thermal Equilibrium

A state in which all parts of a system are at the same temperature, resulting in no net flow of thermal energy.

Static Equilibrium

A state in which an object or system is at rest or moving with constant velocity, experiencing no net force.

The Joule

A derived unit of energy in the International System of Units (SI), equal to the energy transferred to an object when a force of one newton acts on it in the direction of its motion through a distance of one meter.