In 1990, the U

question 23

Multiple Choice

In 1990, the U.S. Supreme Court ruling in Employment Division v. Smith established what important precedent concerning freedom of religion?

• A) The ruling strongly encouraged active religious practice in the United States but was later overturned by legislation.
• B) The Supreme Court intended to force religious inclusion into the workforce.
• C) The Supreme Court attempted to create a constitutional amendment that would further strengthen the First Amendment.
• D) The ruling gave social conservatives an inroad with which to file more lawsuits against the government.
• E) The ruling required state governments only to establish a "legitimate state interest" in restricting religious freedoms.

Recognize the impact of major life events and transitions on stress levels.

Appreciate the role of resilience in coping with stress and adversity.

Understand the concept of acculturative stress and its impact on individuals adapting to a new culture.

Recognize the relationship between socioeconomic status and levels of psychological distress, illness, and death.

---

Definitions:

Reciprocal Influences

A concept indicating that two or more factors affect each other mutually, shaping outcomes or behaviors in a bidirectional manner.

Incremental Models

Theoretical models in which change is considered steady and specific to particular behaviors or mental activities, rather than being marked by major, sweeping reorganizations that affect many behaviors at once, as in stage theories.

External Environment

Refers to all external factors—including social, economic, natural, and political—that affect an individual's or organization's actions and decisions.