In 2003 the U

question 57

Multiple Choice

In 2003 the U.S. Supreme Court revisited the Bakke decision in the case of Grutter v. Bollinger. What was the Court's ruling in this 2003 case concerning affirmative action?

• A) It reversed Bakke and stated that such programs punish nonminorities who played no role at all in the original discriminatory practices.
• B) It ruled that the racial divide that exists in this country may be exacerbated by affirmative action.
• C) It ruled that affirmative action programs are explicit racial classifications, and as such they violate the principle of a "color-blind" society.
• D) It ruled that economically privileged African Americans who do not need such assistance may benefit at the expense of less privileged African Americans who have greater needs.
• E) It reaffirmed the ruling in Bakke that allows race to be used as one of the several positive factors in the admissions process.

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Definitions:

Tort Actions

Legal procedures to seek remedy for wrongs and injuries that are not based on contract law, often involving personal injury or property damage.

Availability Limitations

Restrictions or constraints on the availability of resources, services, or products, often based on time, capacity, or legal conditions.

Altercations

Heated or angry disputes or arguments.

Employees

Individuals who work for a business or organization and are often subject to the control and direction of the employer in terms of how their work is done.