Mutations That Convert Proto-Oncogenes to Oncogenes Are Mutations That Cause

question 44

Multiple Choice

Mutations that convert proto-oncogenes to oncogenes are mutations that cause

• A) the gene to produce an altered gene product.
• B) underproduction of a normal gene product.
• C) overproduction of a normal gene product.
• D) an increase in the number of copies of the normal gene.
• E) all of these.

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Definitions:

Disequilibrium Principle

The Disequilibrium Principle refers to the concept in cognitive development where learning occurs as individuals adjust to new information, leading to a state of balance between existing knowledge and new experiences.

Secondary Reinforcer

A stimulus that has acquired reinforcing properties through associations with primary reinforcers.

Negative Reinforcement

A behavior modification technique that involves the removal of an unpleasant stimulus to increase the likelihood of a desired behavior.

Negative Reinforcement

A process in behavior conditioning where a response or behavior is strengthened by stopping, removing, or avoiding a negative outcome or aversive stimulus.