Which of the Following Is an Example of a Negative

question 15

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an example of a negative externality?

• A) power plants producing pollution as a side effect of energy production
• B) Apple selling computers to Chinese consumers
• C) the Fed buying assets to try to encourage the American economy out of a recession
• D) investing in schools so that citizens are more productive
• E) balancing the budget every year

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Definitions:

Negative Reinforcement

A type of operant conditioning that involves the removal of an unpleasant stimulus to increase the likelihood of a desired behavior.

Conditional Punishment

Rendering a consequence that reduces the likelihood of a behavior occurring in the future by associating it with an aversive outcome.

Primary Reinforcement

A naturally reinforcing stimulus, such as food or water, which fulfills a biological need.

Secondary Reinforcement

A process in behaviorism where a stimulus reinforces a behavior after it has been associated with a primary reinforcer, often taking the form of social approval, tokens, or money.