Policy Coordination, Coherence, and Effectiveness Are Often Problems Associated with the Policy

question 61

Essay

Policy coordination, coherence, and effectiveness are often problems associated with the policy process in Japan. First, explain the causes of these problems. Next, assess which of these you feel is the most important explanatory factor and why. Finally, assess to what extent these problems are systemic.

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Definitions:

Factors of Production

The assets employed to produce goods and services, encompassing land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship.

Command Economy

A type of economic system where production, investment, prices, and incomes are determined centrally by a government.

Central Authority

An organization or governing body that holds the primary power and control over decision-making and regulation within a certain area or scope.

Laissez-Faire Economy

An economic system where transactions between private parties are free from government intervention such as regulation, privileges, tariffs, and subsidies.