In Which Way Is the Independent Variable Handled Differently in a Study

question 29

Multiple Choice

In which way is the independent variable handled differently in a study with a true experimental design compared with a study with a quasi-experimental design?

• A) An experimental design requires an independent variable, whereas a quasi-experimental design neither identifies nor requires an independent variable.
• B) Although both designs identify an independent variable, the nature of the groups (randomized versus nonrandomized) means that manipulation may result in different results.
• C) Experimental designs demonstrate that the independent variable is related to the outcome, and quasi-experimental studies allow for independent variables that stand alone.
• D) Although both designs identify an independent variable, experimental designs identify it before the research is initiated, whereas quasi-experimental designs identify it after the data are analyzed.

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Definitions:

Common Cold

A viral infection of the upper respiratory tract that is characterized by symptoms such as sneezing, sore throat, coughing, and a runny nose.

Influenza

A viral infection that attacks the respiratory system, commonly known as the flu, which can be serious or even fatal in vulnerable populations.

Allergy

A hypersensitivity reaction by the immune system to a substance that is typically harmless to most people, such as pollen, food, or dust.

Occasional Cough

A cough that occurs infrequently and is not persistent, often symptomatic of a minor condition or environmental factor.