In Which Way Is the Independent Variable Handled Differently in a Study

question 29

Multiple Choice

In which way is the independent variable handled differently in a study with a true experimental design compared with a study with a quasi-experimental design?

• A) An experimental design requires an independent variable, whereas a quasi-experimental design neither identifies nor requires an independent variable.
• B) Although both designs identify an independent variable, the nature of the groups (randomized versus nonrandomized) means that manipulation may result in different results.
• C) Experimental designs demonstrate that the independent variable is related to the outcome, and quasi-experimental studies allow for independent variables that stand alone.
• D) Although both designs identify an independent variable, experimental designs identify it before the research is initiated, whereas quasi-experimental designs identify it after the data are analyzed.

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Definitions:

Target Profit

The desired level of profit that a business plans to achieve within a specific period.

Contribution Format

A format for income statements where all variable expenses are subtracted from sales to calculate contribution margin, which then has fixed expenses subtracted to determine net operating income.

Income Statement

A financial report that shows a company's financial performance over a specific period, including revenues, expenses, and profit or loss.

Contribution Margin Ratio

The percentage of sales revenue that exceeds variable costs, indicating how much of each sales dollar is available to cover fixed costs and generate profit.