How Does an Experimental Research Design Differ from a Nonexperimental

question 10

Multiple Choice

How does an experimental research design differ from a nonexperimental research design?

• A) Experimental designs allow observation of a phenomenon as it naturally occurs, and nonexperimental designs permit environmental manipulation.
• B) Nonexperimental designs manipulate the dependent variable, and experimental designs manipulate the independent variable.
• C) Nonexperimental designs attempt to test differences among variables, and experimental designs attempt to establish cause-and-effect relationships.
• D) Experimental designs are scientific, and nonexperimental designs have no scientific basis.

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Definitions:

Physiological Responses

Physical reactions of the body to internal or external stimuli, such as changes in heart rate or hormone levels.

Vulnerable

Exposed to the possibility of being attacked or harmed, either physically or emotionally.

Stress

A physical, mental, or emotional factor that causes bodily or mental tension and may be a factor in disease causation.

High Level of Arousal

A state of heightened physiological activity, including increased alertness, heart rate, and sensory sensitivity.