What Threat to Internal Validity Is Most Closely Associated with a Longitudinal

question 14

Multiple Choice

What threat to internal validity is most closely associated with a longitudinal design?

• A) Instrumentation effects
• B) Mortality effects
• C) History effects
• D) Selection bias

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Definitions:

X-ray

A type of radiation used in medical imaging to view internal structures of the body.

Congenital Hip Dysplasia

A birth defect where the hip joint has not formed properly, which may lead to dislocation or problems with walking.

Periosteum

The fibrous membrane covering the bone except at the articulating surfaces.