Cacioppo and Colleagues Have Examined How Arm Movements Can Influence

question 32

Multiple Choice

Cacioppo and colleagues have examined how arm movements can influence attitudes by asking participants to view Chinese characters while either extending an arm away from or flexing an arm toward themselves. Which of the following best sums up the results of this research?

• A) The arm movements did not affect participants' attitudes toward the different Chinese characters.
• B) The participants had more favorable attitudes toward the characters they viewed while extending an arm away, compared with flexing an arm toward.
• C) The participants had more favorable attitudes toward the characters they viewed while flexing an arm toward, compared with extending an arm away.
• D) Participants who nodded their heads showed the most positive attitudes toward the characters.

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Definitions:

Universal Symbolic Image

A symbol or image that is widely recognized and represents something universally understood by people across different cultures.

Regression

A defense mechanism leading to the temporary or long-term reversion of the ego to an earlier stage of development rather than handling unacceptable impulses in a more adult way.

Defense Mechanism

Psychological strategies unconsciously used to protect a person from anxiety arising from unacceptable thoughts or feelings.

Tantrums

Emotional outbursts, typically seen in children, characterized by crying, screaming, or aggressive behavior as a response to frustration or inability to communicate needs.