In One Study, Daniel Batson and His Colleagues Manipulated Whether

question 18

Multiple Choice

In one study, Daniel Batson and his colleagues manipulated whether participants were feeling more or less empathic when evaluating another person, and then they asked participants if they would help the person in the future. Some participants thought that both the experimenter and the person needing help knew their decisions (i.e., helping was made public) , but other participants thought that their responses were anonymous. The results showed that

• A) when helping was made public, low-empathy participants helped just as much as high-empathy participants.
• B) low-empathy participants helped more when helping was public, but high-empathy participants helped more when helping was anonymous.
• C) high-empathy participants helped more than low-empathy participants, even when helping was anonymous.
• D) low empathy participants said they would help more when the helping was public, but they did not follow through on their promises.

---

Definitions:

Avoid Pain

A basic motivational drive to evade unpleasant and harmful stimuli or situations.

Ego-Ideal

Part of the psychoanalytic theory, representing an individual's personal standard of what is morally and ethically right or wrong.

Personality

The amalgamation of qualities that shapes a person's distinctive individuality.

Rationalization

A defense mechanism where controversial behaviors or feelings are justified and explained in a seemingly rational or logical way to avoid the true explanation.