Which of the Following Is an Example of How the Innate

question 15

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an example of how the innate immune response stimulates or modifies adaptive immunity?

• A)Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) secreted by helper T cells enhances adhesion molecules on endothelial cells and promotes recruitment of inflammatory cells.
• B)Interferon (IFN)-ƴ produced by T helper cells is a potent activator of macrophages, allowing killing of phagocytosed microbes.
• C)B7-1 expression on antigen-presenting cells is up-regulated in response to signaling through Toll-like receptors, thus enabling costimulation of T cells.
• D)Infected cells coated by IgG3 are recognized by Fc receptors on natural killer cells, allowing efficient killing of the infected cells.
• E)Double-stranded RNA of replicating viruses potently stimulates IFN-β expression by fibroblasts, inducing an "antiviral state" in neighboring, uninfected cells.

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Definitions:

Own Group

Own group refers to the social group or category to which an individual identifies as belonging, distinguishing them from other groups.

Unique Individuals

Persons who are distinctive and not like others due to their specific characteristics, experiences, or qualities.

Threats to Self-esteem

Events or circumstances that undermine an individual's sense of self-worth or confidence.

Outgroup Homogeneity

The tendency to view members of outside groups as more similar to each other than members of one's own group.