Caries May Be Considered a Two Stage Process

question 28

Multiple Choice

Caries may be considered a two stage process. Which two bacteria are implicated in this process?

• A) Lactobacillus initiates a lesion, while Streptococcus mutans progresses a lesion.
• B) Streptococcus mutans initiates a lesion, while Actinomyces progresses a lesion.
• C) Lactobacillus initiates a lesion, while Actinomyces progresses a lesion.
• D) Streptococcus mutans initiates a lesion, while Lactobacillus progresses a lesion.

---

Definitions:

Actual Cause

The true, direct cause of an event, establishing a clear link between an action and its outcome in legal or causal terms.

But-For Causation

A principle in tort law that directly relates the injury complained of to the specific action of the defendant, suggesting that but for this action, the injury would not have occurred.

Professional Malpractice

The failure of a professional to perform their duties to the required standard of care, resulting in harm to a client or patient.

Breach Of Duty

The failure to meet one's obligations or duties under the law, usually referring to professional conduct or public office.