Emma, Age 8, Can Turn Cartwheels, Do the Splits, and Do

question 51

Multiple Choice

Emma, age 8, can turn cartwheels, do the splits, and do handsprings. This is probably due to which two factors of growth in middle childhood?

• A) ligaments not firmly attached to bones; increasing muscle strength
• B) hardening of the bones; tightening of ligaments
• C) muscles that are loosely attached to bones; undeveloped muscle tone
• D) underdeveloped hip and knee joints; muscles that do not fully develop until adolescence

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Definitions:

Baby Signing

A form of pre-verbal communication in which infants are taught signs based on sign language to express their needs, desires, and observations.

Cognitive

Concerning the intellectual operations engaged in learning and grasping concepts via reasoning, undergoing experiences, and interpreting sensory information.

Motor Skills

Abilities required to perform movements and tasks, involving the coordination of muscles and the neurological system, categorized into fine and gross motor skills.

Bayley-III

A standardized assessment tool used to measure the developmental progress of infants and toddlers across cognitive, language, and physical domains.