EU Elections Are Often Described as Being 'Second Order' Elections

question 4

Multiple Choice

EU elections are often described as being 'second order' elections. Which empirical factors contribute to this observation? Please select all that apply.

• A) Low turnout rates for EP elections.
• B) Dominance of national political issues in electoral competitions.
• C) The regular success of opposition parties.
• D) Low cohesion among parties in the EP.

---

Definitions:

Polar

Describes a molecule with an uneven distribution of electron density, leading to a partial positive charge on one side and a partial negative charge on the other.

Nonpolar

A type of chemical bond or molecule that does not have distinct electrical poles, resulting in even distribution of electrical charge.

Lewis Structure

A diagram illustrating the bonding between atoms in a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist.

Boric Acid

A weak, monobasic Lewis acid of boron often used as an antiseptic, insecticide, flame retardant, or in making other chemicals, represented as H3BO3.