Moffitt Argues That Antisocial Behaviour Continues into Adulthood for Life-Course

question 39

Multiple Choice

Moffitt argues that antisocial behaviour continues into adulthood for life-course persistent delinquents because of which of the following?

• A) The benefits of antisocial behaviour continue to outweigh the costs associated with such behaviour.
• B) They have not experienced beneficial structural turning points.
• C) They possess a limited behavioural repertoire.
• D) Their delinquency has gone undetected.
• E) They continue to receive positive and negative reinforcement from deviant and non-deviant peer groups.

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Definitions:

Labor Rate Variance

The difference between the actual labor costs incurred and the expected (or standard) labor costs, often due to paying a higher or lower wage rate than planned.

Variable Overhead Rate Variance

The difference between the actual variable overhead incurred and the expected (standard) variable overhead allocated based on activity levels.

Labor Efficiency Variance

The difference between the actual hours worked and the standard hours expected to produce a certain level of output, multiplied by the standard labor rate.

Labor Rate Variance

The difference between the actual cost of labor and the expected (or standard) cost, often used in manufacturing to measure efficiency and cost management.