Examlex
A denial-of-service attack is launched when a hacker floods a Web server with millions of bogus service requests.
Unobservable Characteristics
Traits or attributes of an entity that cannot be directly measured or seen but influence outcomes.
Adverse Selection
Adverse selection is a situation in which an asymmetry of information between buyers and sellers results in the failure to facilitate optimal market outcomes, often seen in insurance markets where those most likely to claim insurance are also the most likely to purchase it.
Moral Hazard
The tendency of a person or entity to take risks because the negative consequences of the risk will be borne by another party.
Unobservable Actions
Actions taken by individuals or entities that cannot be seen or monitored by others, often discussed in the context of economics or game theory.
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