According to Akers' Differential Association Reinforcement Theory,criminal Behavior Develops Primarily

question 21

Multiple Choice

According to Akers' differential association reinforcement theory,criminal behavior develops primarily as the result of

• A) frustration.
• B) heightened expectancies that are innate in the individual.
• C) social reinforcements given by significant others.
• D) classical conditioning.

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Definitions:

Shame and Doubt

A stage in Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, where toddlers learn to exercise will and do things for themselves, or they doubt their abilities.

Inferiority

A feeling of lower status or quality compared to others, often associated with lack of self-esteem or confidence.

Formal Operational Stage

The fourth and final stage of Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, occurring from age 12 and up, where individuals develop the ability to think abstractly, reason logically, and understand hypothetical concepts.

Hypothesize

The process of making a educated guess or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation.