Which of the Following Statements Is Supported by Research on Cultural

question 65

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements is supported by research on cultural differences in learned helplessness?

• A) When their children fail, Chinese mothers offer praise and focus on the child's effort.
• B) Compared with American parents, Asian parents believe that success in school depends much more on ability than effort.
• C) Americans focus less on success than on happiness because happiness enhances self-esteem.
• D) Asians attend more to failure than to success because failure indicates where corrective action is needed.

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Definitions:

Private Experiences

Internal, subjective states that include thoughts, feelings, and perceptions, accessible only to the individual experiencing them.

Theory of Activation-Synthesis

A theory suggesting that dreams are the result of the brain trying to make sense of random neural activity during REM sleep.

Automatic Processes

Mental activities that occur without conscious effort or awareness, often due to habituation or practice.

Controlled Processes

Cognitive activities that require deliberate, intentional, and conscious effort in order to be carried out.