Suppose a Is Religiosity and B Is Happiness

question 2

Multiple Choice

Suppose A is religiosity and B is happiness. Can one conduct a randomized experiment to find out whether A affects B?

• A) Yes, assign individuals to one of the major religions and later ask how happy they are.
• B) Yes, assign individuals to a level of happiness and later ask them what their religious preference is.
• C) No random assignment can be made.
• D) none of these (a, b, c)

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Definitions:

Mesophyll

The inner tissue of a leaf, containing chlorophyll where photosynthesis takes place, typically between the upper and lower epidermis.

Casparian Strip

A band of cell wall material found in the roots of plants, impregnated with suberin and lignin, that controls the flow of water and solutes into the xylem.

Vascular Cylinder

A central part of the root of plants where xylem and phloem tissues are located, responsible for the transport of water, nutrients, and other substances.

Companion Cells

Specialized cells in the phloem of plants that are closely associated with sieve tube elements and assist with the transport of photosynthetic products.