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Anthropologists study cultural diversity and do not look for cultural similarities.
Primary Reinforcers
Innately satisfying stimuli that fulfill basic survival needs, such as food and water, and are therefore naturally effective in reinforcing behaviors.
Negative Reinforcement
Increasing behaviors by stopping or reducing aversive stimuli. A negative reinforcer is any stimulus that, when removed after a response, strengthens the response. (Note: Negative reinforcement is not punishment.)
Punishment
An event that tends to decrease the behavior that it follows.
Positive Punishment
An operant conditioning principle where a response is followed by a stimulus, leading to a decrease in the likelihood of that response occurring in the future.
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