If a Tone Is Reliably Paired with a Shock Then

question 18

Multiple Choice

If a tone is reliably paired with a shock then the tone will itself come to elicit a fear response. What name is given to the tone after this process has occurred?

• A) Unconditioned stimulus (CS-)
• B) Conditioned response
• C) Unconditioned response
• D) Conditioned stimulus (CS+)

Identify the costs and fees associated with mutual funds, including loads, 12b-1 fees, and expense ratios.

Understand the calculation of net asset value (NAV) and how it affects mutual fund transactions.

Recognize the tax implications and potential tax liabilities associated with investing in mutual funds.

Differentiate between open-end and closed-end funds as well as exchange-traded funds (ETFs).

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Definitions:

Behaviorism

A branch of psychology that focuses on observable behaviors rather than on internal processes such as thoughts and feelings.

Cognitive Mechanisms

Mental processes that enable understanding, analysis, decision-making, and learning, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world.

Free Will

The concept that humans have the ability to make choices that are not predetermined by past events or natural laws.

Funder's First Law

The psychological principle stating that "Great strengths are usually great weaknesses, and surprisingly often the opposite is true as well," highlighting the complexity of personality traits.