The Urbanist Anthony Downs Uses Five Criteria in His Definition

question 9

Multiple Choice

The urbanist Anthony Downs uses five criteria in his definition of urban sprawl. Which of the following is NOT one of these criteria?

• A) high-density, primarily multi-family residential settlement
• B) saturation of job locations widely across the landscape in mainly low-density establishments
• C) fragmentation of governance authority over land uses among many relatively small localities
• D) widespread reliance on the filtering or "trickle-down" process to provide housing for low-income households

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Definitions:

Procedural Justice

The fairness perceived in the processes and methods used to make decisions and resolve disputes.

Interpersonal Treatment

The manner in which individuals interact with and regard one another within personal and professional relationships.

Benefits and Costs

The positive outcomes and the negative impacts, respectively, associated with a decision or action.

Interests and Values

Personal preferences and principles that guide an individual's decisions and behavior.