In Epidemiology, What Is Meant by 'Confounding

question 4

Multiple Choice

In epidemiology, what is meant by 'confounding'?

• A) Distortion of the effect of an exposure on disease because of systematic error
• B) Introduction of a systematic error into results because of selection bias
• C) Distortion of the effect of an exposure on disease because a third factor associated with the exposure independently affects the risk of developing the disease
• D) A finding due to chance or the 'luck of the draw'

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Definitions:

Purchase

The act of acquiring goods or services in exchange for money, constituting a financial transaction.

Compounded Annually

Refers to the process of earning interest on both the initial principal and the accumulated interest from previous periods on a yearly basis.

Interest

The charge for borrowing money or the return on invested capital, usually expressed as a percentage of the principal amount over a specific period.

Compounded Annually

A method where interest is calculated once a year on the initial principal and all accumulated interest from previous periods.