What Did Researchers Find When They Tested the Effects of Taking

question 12

Multiple Choice

What did researchers find when they tested the effects of taking either sodium bicarbonate or a placebo as well as either being told one was taking a placebo or sodium bicarbonate?

• A) Belief that one has taken a real drug has an effect on performance--those who took a placebo but were told they had taken sodium bicarbonate performed better than those who took the actual sodium bicarbonate but were told they had taken a placebo
• B) Belief that one has taken a real drug does not have an effect on performance--those who received the sodium bicarbonate performed better, regardless of whether or not they had been told that they were taking sodium bicarbonate or a placebo
• C) Belief that one has taken a real drug has an effect on performance, but only if one has actually taken the real drug
• D) The researchers found no significant difference in performance between those who had taken sodium bicarbonate and those who had taken a placebo, regardless of whether or not they had been told they had taken sodium bicarbonate or a placebo.

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Definitions:

Revenue Variance

The difference between actual revenue earned and the expected (or budgeted) revenue.

Spending Variances

The difference between the actual amounts spent and the budgeted amounts for various categories, used in budgetary control and analysis.

Spending Variance

The difference between the actual costs incurred and the budgeted or planned costs, often analyzed to manage and control company spending.

Direct Materials

Raw materials that are directly traceable to the manufacturing of a product and constitute a significant portion of the production cost.