You Conduct a One-Group Before-After Design Evaluation of a Program

question 25

Multiple Choice

You conduct a one-group before-after design evaluation of a program that aims to reduce juvenile delinquency. You discover that, in the year following the program juveniles were taken down to the police station for getting into trouble less often than the year before they enrolled in the program. While this is promising, what is a substantial potential threat to internal validity here?

• A) Time order of variables
• B) Demoralization
• C) Statistical conclusion validity
• D) Maturation

---

Definitions:

High-context Cultures

Societies or groups where communication is heavily reliant on contextual elements (such as body language, tone of voice, and social status) rather than explicit, direct words.

Low-context Cultures

Cultures where communication is explicit, messages are direct, and understanding depends less on contextual cues than on the explicit content of the communication.

Implicit Messaging

Communication that occurs through nonexplicit means, often involving nuanced or indirect cues, as opposed to straightforward, direct messaging.

Future Orientation

The degree to which a culture chooses future rather than immediate results.