Is Party Discipline Normally Higher When Open Party Lists Are

question 13

Multiple Choice

Is party discipline normally higher when open party lists are used or when closed party lists are used in proportional representation systems?

• A) open party lists
• B) closed party lists
• C) it's about the same

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Definitions:

Regional Metamorphism

The process of transformation in rock's mineralogy and texture in a large area due to high pressures and temperatures deep in the Earth's crust.

Continental Conditions

The environmental, climatic, and geologic conditions that prevail on continental landmasses.

Bases of Power

The sources of power individuals or groups possess in a social or organizational structure, such as coercive, reward, legitimate, expert, and referent power.

Reward Power

The ability to influence others through the promise of rewards or benefits, often used in a leadership or management context.