Imagine That Three City Council Members Are Trying to Decide $\succ$

question 19

Multiple Choice

Imagine that three city council members are trying to decide how to spend a surplus. The options currently being debated are (i) spend it on improving primary education in the municipality, (ii) spend it on improving the level of medical care offered by the local hospital, or (iii) lower local taxes and use the surplus to cover the costs of existing programs. The council employs majority rule to make its decisions. The councillors have the following preference orderings over the spending choices:
Councillor 1: Education $\succ$ Medical $\succ$ Tax cut
Councillor 2: Medical $\succ$ Tax cut $\succ$ Education
Councillor 3: Tax cut $\succ$ Education $\succ$ Medical
Assume that the councillors hold a round-robin tournament that pits each alternative against every other alternative in a series of pair-wise votes. The winner is the alternative that wins the most contests. Based on this information, answer the following four questions.
-Given the preference orderings listed above, what would the result be of a pair-wise contest between the spending choices tax cut and education?

• A) education
• B) medical
• C) tax cut
• D) it would be a tie

---

Definitions:

Inadequacy of Resources

A situation where the available resources are insufficient to meet the needs or demands of a project or operation.

Environmental Complexity

The degree of diversity and unpredictability in an organization's external environment, which can impact its operations and strategy.

Outside Expert

An individual with specialized knowledge or skills in a particular area, brought into a project to provide insight or advice not available within the existing team.

Risk Assessment Plan

A systematic process for identifying, analyzing, and managing project risks to minimize their impact on objectives.