Examlex
According to the discussion of the contractarian view of the state in Chapter 4, in order for a state (civil society) to emerge from an initial "state of nature" situation, it must be the case that the state (a) is willing to impose sufficiently high punishments to deter individuals from engaging in antisocial behavior and (b) is also willing to refrain from taxing its citizens excessively.
Efficiency
The ability to achieve a desired result or work output with minimum wasted effort or expense.
Equity
A measure of ownership in a company or asset, typically represented by shares that entitle holders to a proportion of the company's profits.
Voluntary Exchange
A transaction where two parties mutually agree to trade goods, services, or resources, typically to the perceived benefit of both.
Marginal Rate
The rate of change in cost, output, or benefit as a result of a one-unit increase in an input.
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