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Berkeley says, "all those bodies which compose the mighty frame of the world, have not any subsistence without a mind, that their being is to be perceived or known; that consequently so long as they are not actually perceived by me, or do not exist in my mind or that of any other created spirit, they must either have no existence at all, or else subsist in the mind of some Eternal Spirit."
Executive Functioning
Refers to cognitive processes including planning, working memory, attention, problem solving, verbal reasoning, inhibition, mental flexibility, task switching, and initiation and monitoring of actions.
Seattle Longitudinal Study
A long-term research project initiated by K. Warner Schaie examining cognitive development over the lifespan, starting with participants in adulthood and assessing them across multiple decades.
Mental Abilities
The cognitive capacities of an individual, including the ability to think, reason, solve problems, and adapt to new situations.
Age of 50
A reference to individuals who have reached the half-century mark in their lives.
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