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MacDonald argues that the inability to apply tests to dreams "is logical, not physical or psychological. But when it is logically impossible that tests which prevent or correct mistake should be applied then it is nonsensical to assert that mistake can occur. No one can be deceived where no distinction can be made between what is and is not deceptive." Therefore, a dreamer is neither correct nor mistaken about what he dreams.
Expected Values
A statistical concept that calculates the average outcome when an action is repeated many times.
Disability Insurance
A type of insurance that provides income in the event a worker is unable to perform their work and earn money due to a disability.
Expected Utility
A theory in economics that calculates the utility expected from different outcomes, accounting for risk and uncertainty preferences of individuals.
Bet
A wager or stake placed on the outcome of an uncertain event, with the intention of winning money or material goods.
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