If Anything Is Stuck in Traffic, Bruno Will Be Mad

question 160

Multiple Choice

If anything is stuck in traffic, Bruno will be mad if it is late. Something is neither annoyed nor not late. If Bruno is mad, then something is annoyed. So something is not stuck in traffic.
-Which of the following is the best translation into M of this argument?

• A) \(\begin{array} { l }
• ( \forall \mathrm { x } ) [ \mathrm { Sx } \supset ( \mathrm { Mb } \supset \mathrm { Lx } ) ] \\
• ( \forall \mathrm { x } ) \sim ( \mathrm { Ax } \vee \sim \mathrm { Lx } ) \\
• \mathrm { Mb } \supset ( \exists \mathrm { x } ) \mathrm { Ax } \quad&/(\exists x) \sim S x
• \end{array}\)
• B) \(\begin{array} { l }
• ( \exists \mathrm { x } ) \mathrm { Sx } \supset ( \mathrm { Mb } \supset \mathrm { Lx } ) \\
• ( \forall \mathrm { x } ) \sim ( \mathrm { Ax } \vee \sim \mathrm { Lx } ) \\
• \mathrm { Mb } \supset ( \exists \mathrm { x } ) \mathrm { Ax } \quad / ( \exists \mathrm { x } ) \sim \mathrm { Sx }
• \end{array}\)
• C) \(\begin{array} { l }
• ( \exists \mathrm { x } ) \mathrm { Sx } \supset ( \mathrm { Lx } \supset \mathrm { Mb } ) \\
• ( \forall \mathrm { x } ) \sim ( \mathrm { Ax } \vee \sim \mathrm { Lx } ) \\
• \mathrm { Mb } \supset ( \exists \mathrm { x } ) \mathrm { Ax } \quad \quad ( \exists \mathrm { x } ) \sim \mathrm { Sx }
• \end{array}\)
• D) \(\begin{array} { l }
• ( \forall \mathrm { x } ) [ \mathrm { Sx } \supset ( \mathrm { Lx } \supset \mathrm { Mb } ) ] \\
• ( \forall \mathrm { x } ) \sim ( \mathrm { Ax } \vee \sim \mathrm { Lx } ) \\
• \mathrm { Mb } \supset ( \exists \mathrm { x } ) \mathrm { Ax } \quad \quad \quad \quad / ( \exists \mathrm { x } ) \sim \mathrm { Sx }
• \end{array}\)
• E) \(\begin{array} { l }
• ( \forall \mathrm { x } ) \mathrm { Sx } \supset ( \mathrm { Lx } \supset \mathrm { Mb } ) \\
• ( \forall \mathrm { x } ) \sim ( \mathrm { Ax } \vee \sim \mathrm { Lx } ) \\
• \mathrm { Mb } \supset ( \exists \mathrm { x } ) \mathrm { Ax } \quad / ( \exists \mathrm { x } ) \sim \mathrm { Sx }
• \end{array}\)

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Definitions:

Psychogenic Needs

Psychological desires or needs that arise from the mental or emotional states of individuals, such as the need for recognition, esteem, or companionship.

Utilitarian Needs

Needs that are practical and functional in nature, emphasizing the utility and practical benefits of a product or service.

Hedonic Needs

Refers to the desire for sensory pleasure and experiences that provide enjoyment or luxury.

SMART Goal

A criteria for setting clear, attainable goals that are Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound.