Some Materialist Empiricists Are Either Libertarians or Hard Determinists B)

question 269

Multiple Choice

Some materialist empiricists are either libertarians or hard determinists. But no empiricist is a hard determinist. So some materialists are libertarians.
-Which of the following is the best translation into M of this argument?

• A) \(\begin{array} { l }
• ( \exists \mathrm { x } ) [ ( \mathrm { Mx } \cdot \mathrm { Ex } ) \cdot ( \mathrm { Lx } \vee \mathrm { Dx } ) ] \\
• \sim ( \forall \mathrm { x } ) ( \mathrm { Ex } \supset \mathrm { Dx } ) \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad / ( \exists \mathrm { x } ) ( \mathrm { Mx } \cdot \mathrm { Lx } ) \\
• \end{array}\)
• B) \(\begin{array} { l }
• ( \exists \mathrm { x } ) [ ( \mathrm { Mx } \cdot \mathrm { Ex } ) \cdot ( \mathrm { Lx } \vee \mathrm { Dx } ) ] \\
• \sim ( \forall \mathrm { x } ) ( \mathrm { Ex } \supset \mathrm { Dx } ) \quad\quad \quad \quad \quad \quad / ( \exists \mathrm { x } ) ( \mathrm { Mx } \supset \mathrm { Lx } ) \\
• \end{array}\)
• C) \(\begin{array} { l l }
• ( \exists \mathrm { x } ) [ ( \mathrm { Mx } \vee \mathrm { Ex } ) \cdot ( \mathrm { Lx } \vee \mathrm { Dx } ) ] & \\
• ( \forall \mathrm { x } ) ( \mathrm { Ex } \supset \sim \mathrm { Dx } ) & / ( \exists \mathrm { x } ) ( \mathrm { Mx } \cdot \mathrm { Lx } )
• \end{array}\)
• D) \(\begin{array} { l }
• ( \exists \mathrm { x } ) [ ( \mathrm { Mx } \cdot \mathrm { Ex } ) \vee ( \mathrm { Lx } \cdot \mathrm { Dx } ) ] \\
• ( \forall \mathrm { x } ) ( \mathrm { Ex } \supset \sim \mathrm { Dx } ) \quad / ( \exists \mathrm { x } ) ( \mathrm { Mx } \supset \mathrm { Lx } ) \\
• \end{array}\)
• E) \(\begin{array} { l }
• ( \exists \mathrm { x } ) [ ( \mathrm { Mx } \cdot \mathrm { Ex } ) \cdot ( \mathrm { Lx } \vee \mathrm { Dx } ) ] \\
• ( \forall \mathrm { x } ) ( \mathrm { Ex } \supset \sim \mathrm { Dx } ) \quad / ( \exists \mathrm { x } ) ( \mathrm { Mx } \cdot \mathrm { Lx } ) \\
• \end{array}\)

---

Definitions:

Machine Hours

A measure of the total operating time of machinery within a specific period, often used in cost accounting to allocate expenses to units produced.

Overhead Allocation

The process of distributing indirect costs across products, services, or departments within a company.

Department 2

A reference to a specific section, division, or unit within an organization, often used in context to differentiate between various parts of a business operation.

Plantwide Overhead Rate

A single overhead absorption rate calculated for an entire factory, used to allocate manufacturing overhead costs to products.