Construct a Complete Truth Table for Each of the Following $\lor$

question 171

Multiple Choice

Construct a complete truth table for each of the following arguments. Then, using the truth table, determine whether the argument is valid or invalid. If the argument is invalid, choose an option which presents a counterexample. (There may be other counterexamples as well.)
-M ⊃ (N • ∼O)
N ⊃ (O $\lor$ M) / O ⊃ ∼N

• A) Valid
• B) Invalid. Counterexample when M, N, and O is true
• C) Invalid. Counterexample when M and N are true and O is false
• D) Invalid. Counterexample when M is false and N and O are true
• E) Invalid. Counterexample when M and N are false and O is true

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Definitions:

Treasury Stock Transactions

The buying, selling, or re-issuance of a company's own shares that were previously outstanding but were repurchased.

Additional Paid-in Capital

The amount of capital that is paid by investors above the par value of the stock during equity issuance.

Contributed Capital

The amount of money that shareholders have invested in a company through the purchase of its stock.

Retained Earnings

The portion of net earnings not distributed as dividends but retained by the company to reinvest in its core business or to pay debt.